Sex after miscarriage depends on the individual. A woman’s health care professional can give the best guidance on her personal situation.

Generally, couples can resume sexual penetration when they feel ready, but this time frame may vary from couple to couple. There are both physical and emotional factors to consider.

• On the physical side, many health care professionals suggest waiting to have sex until the bleeding from the miscarriage has stopped and the woman has had at least one normal menstrual period. Others recommend that couples wait six weeks or more, especially if the pregnancy was longer or if there were complications during miscarriage.

After miscarriage, the uterus and cervix stay partially dilated, which may make these organs more prone to infection until they completely heal. To reduce this risk, women are usually advised not to insert anything into the vagina, such as tampons or a self-stimulator, for two weeks. It may also mean that couples should wait this long before having vaginal intercourse.

• Some women may need to wait until all of the pregnancy/fetal tissue has been removed. This tissue may pass on its own within a few weeks. A health care professional may prescribe medication to help the process along. Surgical removal (using dilation and curettage or D&C) is another option.

It’s a good idea for a woman to have a thorough pelvic exam before deciding when it is appropriate to resume having sex again. Couples should use birth control if they do not want another pregnancy so soon, and it is best to ask your provider about your options.

• Emotionally, it takes time to process a miscarriage. It’s normal for couples to grieve afterward. Depression, fatigue, and anxiety are not infrequent and may interfere with sexual desire and arousal. A partner’s understanding support is essential during this time. Keeping the lines of communication open and being honest about any fears or concerns is important.

Couples shouldn’t hesitate to seek medical care or counseling if needed. Health care providers can make referrals to therapists or counselors who specialize in coping with such a loss.