Background

Low testosterone and testosterone deficiency are usually treated with testosterone therapy. But for those who wish to preserve their fertility or may not tolerate testosterone therapy, SERMs are available. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including clomiphene citrate (CC), can increase gonadotropin and testosterone levels in men and have been in use as early as the 1960s.

Background

Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the more common male sexual dysfunctions, with an average prevalence of around 14.9% worldwide. The International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) characterizes PE by a short intravaginal latency time, a consistent inability to delay ejaculation, and personal complications or distress.

Background

Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a poorly defined clinical condition that presents primarily in men with a host of flu-like, somatic, and cognitive symptoms shortly after ejaculation. These symptoms may last for up to a week after ejaculation, significantly impacting quality of life and potentially deterring people from wanting to have sex.

Background

Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder that involves the buildup of fibrotic plaque in the penis, which can lead to penile curvature, deformities like indentations or an hourglass shape, and a loss of elasticity. As a result, many men with PD experience painful erections or erectile dysfunction (ED).

Background

Male sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation (PE), and Peyronie’s disease (PD), is highly prevalent and tends to have a significant impact on men’s health globally. The normal courses of treatment for these include pharmacological routes, like phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5-is) for ED, physiotherapeutic routes, like the stop-start method for PE, and surgical routes for PD and ED. However, even the most standard options have their drawbacks, sometimes leading to frustration and further distress among patients.

Background

Peri-orgasmic fluid (POF) encompasses vaginal lubrication, squirting, female ejaculation (FE), and urine from coital incontinence (CI). These all occur naturally but have different biochemical compositions.